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Cannabis Deficiency Diagnosis

Yellow leaves? Brown spots? Curling tips? Find the cause and the fix — with look-alikes to avoid misdiagnosis.

⚠️ Check pH before anything else. 80%+ of deficiencies are actually pH lockout — nutrients present but unavailable. Soil: 6.0–7.0. Coco/Hydro: 5.5–6.5.
🍃

Nitrogen Deficiency

Very Common
👁️ Symptoms
  • Yellowing starts on bottom/oldest leaves first
  • Progresses upward over days
  • Leaves turn fully yellow then drop
  • Plant looks washed out overall
🔍 Cause

Insufficient nitrogen, pH lockout (most common), overwatering preventing uptake

🔧 Fix

Check pH first (6.0–7.0 soil). If correct, add nitrogen-rich fertilizer: fish meal, blood meal, or N-heavy base nutrient.

⚠️ Look-alike: Normal end-of-life leaf yellowing in last 2 weeks of flower — completely normal, do not add nitrogen.
💜

Phosphorus Deficiency

Common
👁️ Symptoms
  • Dark green leaves developing purple/red underneath
  • Purple or red stems and petioles
  • Bronze or brown spots on older leaves
  • Delayed flowering and poor bud development
🔍 Cause

pH too low (below 6.0 locks out P), cold temperatures below 15°C, overwatering

🔧 Fix

Raise pH to 6.2–7.0 in soil. Warm root zone. Add P supplement: bat guano, bone meal, or P-heavy bloom nutrient.

⚠️ Look-alike: Purple genetics — some strains naturally turn purple without any deficiency. If plant is healthy and fast-growing, it is genetics.
🔥

Potassium Deficiency

Common
👁️ Symptoms
  • Brown burnt-looking leaf tips and edges
  • Yellowing between veins on older leaves
  • Leaves curl upward at edges
  • Weakened stems and branches
🔍 Cause

pH imbalance, competing nutrients blocking K uptake, low-quality soil

🔧 Fix

Correct pH first. Add K-rich supplement: kelp meal, greensand, or K-heavy base nutrient.

⚠️ Look-alike: Windburn from fans (similar curling), light burn (only on top leaves), nutrient burn (crispy tips across whole plant).
🦴

Calcium Deficiency

Very Common
👁️ Symptoms
  • Brown spots with yellow halos on newer leaves
  • Spots appear random, not along veins
  • New growth curls and distorts
  • Bud sites show brown dead areas
🔍 Cause

pH too low, using RO/distilled water without cal-mag, coco coir without calcium supplement

🔧 Fix

Add cal-mag product. Raise pH slightly. Coco growers: cal-mag is non-optional every watering.

⚠️ Look-alike: Magnesium deficiency (shows between veins on old leaves), light burn (only affects top of canopy).
☀️

Magnesium Deficiency

Very Common
👁️ Symptoms
  • Yellow areas between green leaf veins on older leaves
  • Interveinal chlorosis — veins stay green, leaf turns yellow
  • Progresses to complete yellowing then death
🔍 Cause

Low pH, calcium competing with Mg uptake, flushing without replacing cal-mag, RO water

🔧 Fix

Foliar spray Epsom salt (1 tsp per litre) for fast correction. Add cal-mag to feed. Raise pH to 6.0–6.5.

⚠️ Look-alike: Iron deficiency (starts on newest growth, not oldest). Sulfur deficiency (uniform yellowing of new growth).
💧

Overwatering

Most Common Problem
👁️ Symptoms
  • Leaves droop downward (not just tips)
  • Leaves feel heavy and swollen
  • Soil stays wet for extended periods
  • Yellowing similar to nitrogen deficiency
🔍 Cause

Watering too frequently, pots without drainage, oversized pots relative to plant size

🔧 Fix

Let medium dry out significantly between waterings — lift pots to judge weight. Only water when pot feels light.

⚠️ Look-alike: Underwatering (leaves droop but feel paper-thin and dry, not swollen). Root rot in severe cases.
🔆

Light Burn

Common
👁️ Symptoms
  • Yellowing or bleaching only on leaves closest to light
  • Bleached white buds at very top of canopy
  • Lower leaves look completely healthy
🔍 Cause

Light too close to canopy. LED lights especially can burn without much heat.

🔧 Fix

Increase distance between light and canopy. LED: minimum 30–45cm for most quantum boards.

⚠️ Look-alike: Nutrient burn (affects whole plant not just top). Potassium deficiency (whole canopy).
🌶️

Nutrient Burn

Common
👁️ Symptoms
  • Brown crispy tips across the whole plant
  • Tips look scorched
  • Dark green leaf color before tips burn
  • Affects many leaves throughout canopy
🔍 Cause

Overfeeding — too many nutrients. More is not better. Cannabis has a saturation point.

🔧 Fix

Flush with 3x pot volume in plain pH-adjusted water. Reduce nutrient concentration by 25–50%.

⚠️ Look-alike: Potassium deficiency (similar edges). Windburn (only near fans).

Powdery Mildew

Serious — spreads fast
👁️ Symptoms
  • White powdery coating on leaves and stems
  • Starts as small circular white spots
  • Spreads rapidly if unchecked
  • Musty smell in grow room
🔍 Cause

Humidity above 60% in flower, poor airflow, plants touching each other

🔧 Fix

Isolate affected plants. Spray diluted hydrogen peroxide (3%) or potassium bicarbonate. Reduce humidity below 50%.

⚠️ Look-alike: Trichomes (only on buds and sugar leaves, not fan leaves). Crystal residue from foliar sprays.

Quick Diagnosis Cheat Sheet

Yellowing starts on BOTTOM leaves
Nitrogen deficiency or pH lockout
Check pH, then add nitrogen
Yellowing starts on TOP/NEW leaves
Iron deficiency or high pH
Lower pH to 6.0–6.5
Yellow between veins (veins stay green)
Magnesium deficiency
Epsom salt foliar spray, add cal-mag
Brown spots with yellow halos
Calcium deficiency
Add cal-mag, check pH
Burnt brown tips across whole plant
Nutrient burn
Flush and halve nutrient dose
Burnt tips only on TOP leaves
Light burn
Raise light higher
Drooping heavy-feeling leaves
Overwatering
Let dry out fully, water less often
White powdery coating on leaves
Powdery mildew
Isolate, reduce humidity, treat immediately

Frequently Asked Questions

Why are my cannabis leaves turning yellow?+
Most commonly: nitrogen deficiency, pH lockout, overwatering, or magnesium deficiency. Check pH first — most yellowing is pH-related. Soil: 6.0–7.0. Coco/hydro: 5.5–6.5.
Are yellow leaves in late flower normal?+
Yes — yellowing in the final 2 weeks of flower is completely normal and desired. The plant is redirecting nutrients from leaves into buds. Do not add nitrogen at this stage.
What does overwatering look like?+
Overwatered plants droop with heavy, swollen-feeling leaves — the whole leaf droops. Underwatered plants droop but leaves feel light and papery. Overwatering is the most common beginner mistake.

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